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Sayyid ʿAli Ḥusaynī Khāminiʼī (Farsi: سید علی حسینی ‌ای) (b. 1939) also known as "Ayatollah Khamenei", is among Shi'a 

Marja'sand the second leader of the 

Islamic Republic of Iran. Before being elected as the leader in 1989, he was president for two terms and a member of parliament for a short period. He was also chosen as the 

Friday Prayer leader of Tehran by 

Imam Khomeini. Before the 

Islamic Revolution of Iran, he was among active 

clerics in 

Mashhad.

Ayatollah Khamenei's authored or translated some works, the most comprehensive one authored by him is 

Tarh-i kulli-yi andisha-yi Islami dar Qur'an (the general scheme of the Islamic thought in the Qur'an) and 

Sulh al-Hasan is his most famous translation. Moreover his speeches have been compiled in a comprehensive work called 

Hadith-i wilayat (book). Several other books have also been compiled and published about his speeches and written messages in different topics.

His 

fatwa against insulting Sunnis' respected personalities is among his most famous and effective fatwas in the Islamic world. The concepts of "cultural invasion" and "

Islamic awakening" are among the concepts that entered Iranian political and social literature following his speeches and emphasis.

Ayatollah Khamenei is knowledgeable in literature and has also composed some poems and his pen name is "Amin". Contemporary history is another field of his studies and interest areas.

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